The Earth, Earth Materials, Forces that Change the Earth, Earth Materials' Uses, and Fossils Realtionships to Earth Materials - Concepts

Primary

The Earth Concepts

1. The Earth is a solid sphere.

Earth Materials Concepts

1. Earth materials include solid rocks and soils, water, minerals, and gases in the atmosphere.
2. Rocks come in many sizes and shapes. Rocks change in size, shape, and other properties.
3. Soils have properties of color, particle size, and texture.

Forces that Change the Earth Concepts

1. Geological events (volcanoes, earthquakes, erosion) shape the earth.
2. Animals and plants can change rocks and soil.

Earth Materials' Uses Concepts

1. Earth materials provide many of the resources that humans use.

Fossils Relationships to Earth Materials Concepts

1. Fossils were created long ago. 

Intermediate

The Earth Concepts

1. The Earth is layered from the outside in with solid crustal plates (lithosphere), hot liquid rock (mantle), and dense metallic center (core).

Earth Materials Concepts

1. Earth materials are solid rocks and soils, water, and gases of the atmosphere.
2. Rocks come in many sizes and shapes.
3. Rocks change in size, shape, and other properties.
4. Animals and plants can change rocks and soil.
5. Soils have properties of color, particle size, and texture.
6. Earth materials provide many of the resources that humans use.
7. Fossils were created long ago. 
8. Soil consists of weathered rocks, water, and decomposed organic materials from dead plants, animals, and bacteria.
9. Soils are often found in layers with each layer having different properties.
10. Soils have properties of color, particle size, texture, capacity to retain water, and y.
11. Wind, water, and ice shape the Earth.
12. Erosion is the wearing away and moving of earth.
13. Rock is made of different combinations of minerals.
14. Soil is made from different forms of rock, plant and animal remains, and living organisms.

Earth Materials' Uses Concepts

1. Earth materials supply nutrients, minerals, and store water to support the growth of many kinds of plants, in our food supply.
2. Earth materials provide shelter, water, and nutrients for animals survival.

Fossils Relationships to Earth Materials Concepts

1. Fossils were created from living organisms.

Forces that Change the Earth Concepts

1. Lithospheric plates the size of continents and oceans constantly move at the rate of centimeters per year as a result of movements in the mantle.
2. The interior of the Earth is hot Heat flow and movement material within the Earth cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions that create mountains and ocean basins.
3. Gases and dust from volcanoes can change the atmosphere.
4. These forces can act fast and slow.
5. The can also be constructive and destructive geological events create landforms.
6. Constructive forces include crustal changes, mountain building, volcanic eruptions, and deposition of sediment.
7. Destructive forces include weathering and erosion.

Middle School

The Earth Concepts

1. The Earth is layered from the outside in with solid crustal plates (lithosphere), hot liquid convecting rock (mantle), and dense metallic center (core).

Earth Materials Concepts

1. Soil consists of weathered rocks, water, gases, and decomposed organic materials from dead plants, animals, and bacteria.
2. Soils are often found in layers with each layer having different chemical compositions.
3. Soils have properties of color, particle size, texture, capacity to retain water, and y.
4. Wind, water, and ice shape the Earth.
5. Erosion is the wearing away and moving of earth.
6. Weathered rock is the basic component of soil, the amount of soil and its fertility and resistance to erosion are greatly influenced by plant roots and debris, bacteria, fungi, worms, insects, rodents, and other organisms.
7. Rock is made of different combinations of minerals.
8. Soil is made from different forms of rock, plant and animal remains, and living organisms.
9. The rock cycle describes how solid earth changes when rocks at the earth's surface weather, form sediments that are buried, then compacted, heated, and often recrystallize into new rock.
10. Eventually, those new rocks may be brought to the surface by movements in the mantle and cycle continues.

Earth Materials' Uses Concepts

1. Earth materials supply nutrients, minerals, and store water to support the growth of many kinds of plants, in our food supply. Earth materials provide shelter, water, and nutrients for animals survival.
2. The varied materials have different physical and chemical properties, which make them useful in different ways, for example, as building materials, as sources of fuel, or for growing the plants we use as food.
3. Earth resources are nonrenewable.

Fossils Relationship to Earth Materials Concepts

1. Fossils were created from living organisms.
2. Fossils were created in amber, replacement by crystallization, and imprints. Fossils provide evidence about the plants and animals that lived long ago and the nature of the environment at that time.

Forces that Change the Earth Concepts

1. The surface of the earth changes due to slow processes, such as erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.
2. Thousands of layers of sedimentary rock confirm a long history of the changing surface of the Earth and the changing life forms whose remains can be found in successive layers.
3. The youngest layers are not always found on top because of folding, breaking, and uplifting of layers.
4. Human activity has changed the Earth (farming, reducing forests, release of chemicals, ) and decreased the capacity of the environment to support some forms of life.